Following up the above functions, the main responsibilities of the SPB can be summed up as follows: To formulate the development strategies and policies of China Post; To draw up the postal law and regulations, study out the rules of postal administration, and release the rules of postal services; To supervise the postal market and philatelic market in accordance with the law, safeguard the order in the postal sector, secure the postal network and facilities, and safeguard the state interests and customer rights; To formulate the policies on postal tariff, map out the standards of postal service, and supervise the quality of postal service; To issue postage vouchers; To be authorized to join in international postal organizations on behalf of the state, handle international affairs concerning postal services, and carry out cooperation and exchange with other posts; To organize the construction and operation of the post routes nationwide and management of postal services, and provide postal services across the country; To manage postal construction projects, joint venture and cooperative projects with other posts as well as scientific projects; To be responsible for the business accounting and allocation of the whole postal network, manage the state-owned assets within the postal sector; To manage personnel, labor salaries and human resource education in the postal sector; To deal with other work consigned by the State Council and the Ministry of Information Industry.

SPB as a governmental agency and a public utility corporate at once, administers the national postal industry and manages postal enterprises across China, whose responsibilities require that SPB on the one hand strengthen its administrative function so as to safeguard the interests of the country and the customers and on the other hand, be responsible for the construction and operation of postal network while meeting universal services obligation.

Within the  SPB, there are 8 functional departments (offices):
General Office: Responsible for the research into postal development strategies and policies, the comprehensive coordination, the news publicizing, the letters of complaint, the archives, and the security and safeguard
Department of Postal Sector Management: Responsible for the supervision over postal market and philatelic market, and the study and drawing up of the postal law and regulations
Department of Postage Stamps: Responsible for the supervision over the issuance of postage vouchers and philatelic services
Department of Planning and Finance: Responsible for the scheming of postal development plan and the supervision over postal  finance, state-owned asserts, construction projects as well as postal scientific and technological work
Department of Public Service: Responsible for the supervision over postal services and service quality
Department of Post Routes Operation: Responsible for the supervision over the construction and operation of post routes, and the controlling and coordinating in this area
Department of International Cooperation: Responsible for the management of international postal affairs and services
Department of Personnel and Education: Responsible for the management of personnel, labor salaries and human resource education in the postal sector